
Reasonably design the fire automatic alarm system to prevent and reduce fire hazards and protect personal and property safety. The design of the fire automatic alarm system should follow the relevant national guidelines and policies, and be safe, reliable, technologically advanced, and economically reasonable according to the characteristics of the protected objects.
General requirements for automatic fire alarm systems
- The automatic fire alarm system can be used in places where people live and people are often stranded, where important materials are stored, or where serious pollution occurs after burning and need to be alarmed in time.
- The automatic fire alarm system shall be equipped with automatic and manual triggering devices.
- Automatic fire alarm system equipment should choose products that comply with relevant national standards and relevant market access systems.
- The compatibility of interfaces and communication protocols between various devices in the system should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Compatibility Requirements for Automatic Fire Alarm System Components” GB 22134.
- The total number of devices and addresses such as fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons, and modules connected to any fire alarm controller should not exceed 3200 points, and the total number of devices connected to each bus loop should not exceed 200 points. And there should be a margin of not less than 10% of the rated capacity; the total number of addresses of any fire linkage controller or the total number of various modules controlled by the fire alarm controller (linkage type) should not exceed 1600 points, and each linkage bus The total number of loop-connected equipment should not exceed 100 points, and there should be a margin of no less than 10% of the rated capacity.
- A bus short-circuit isolator should be installed on the system bus. The total number of fire-fighting equipment such as fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons, and modules protected by each bus short-circuit isolator should not exceed 32 points; Set the bus to short-circuit isolator.
- In buildings with a height exceeding 100m, except for the controllers installed in the fire control room, equipment such as fire detectors, manual alarm buttons, and modules directly controlled by each controller should not cross the refuge floor.
- Fire control electrical control devices such as water pump control cabinets and fan control cabinets should not use frequency conversion to start.
- The automatic fire alarm system installed on the subway train should be able to transmit information about the fire site on the train to the fire control room through the wireless network and other means.
System form selection and design requirements
The selection of the form of an automatic fire alarm system shall meet the following requirements:
- Area alarm systems should be used for protected objects that only need to alarm and do not need to be linked with automatic fire-fighting equipment.
- Not only the alarm is required, but also the linkage automatic fire-fighting equipment is required, and only one fire alarm controller with centralized control function and the protection object of the fire linkage controller should be set up. A centralized alarm system should be used and a fire control room should be set up.
- For the protection objects with two or more fire control rooms, or the protection objects with two or more centralized alarm systems, the control center alarm system should be adopted.
The design of the area alarm system shall meet the following requirements:
- The system should be composed of fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons, fire sound and light alarms and fire alarm controllers, etc. The system can include graphic display devices in the fire control room and area displays indicating floors.
- The fire alarm controller should be installed in a place where people are on duty.
- When the system is equipped with a graphic display device in the fire control room, the device should have the function of transmitting the relevant information specified in Appendix A and Appendix B of this code; if the system is not equipped with a graphic display device in the fire control room, it should be equipped with fire alarm transmission equipment.
The design of the centralized alarm system shall meet the following requirements:
- The system should be composed of fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons, fire sound and light alarms, fire emergency broadcasting, fire special telephones, fire control room graphics display devices, fire alarm controllers, fire linkage controllers, etc.
- In the system, the fire alarm controller, fire linkage controller, graphic display device in the fire control room, fire emergency broadcast control device, fire special telephone switchboard, and other fire protection equipment that play a centralized control role should be installed in the fire control room.
- The graphic display device in the fire control room set up by the system should have the function of transmitting the relevant information specified in Appendix A and Appendix B of this code.
The design of the alarm system of the control center shall meet the following requirements:
- When there are two or more fire control rooms, one main fire control room shall be determined.
- The main fire control room shall be able to display all fire alarm signals and linkage control status signals, and shall be able to control important fire-fighting equipment; the fire-fighting equipment in each sub-fire control room may transmit and display status information to each other, but shall not control each other.
- The graphic display device in the fire control room set up by the system should have the function of transmitting the relevant information specified in Appendix A and Appendix B of this code.
The division of the alarm area shall meet the following requirements:
- The alarm area should be divided according to the fire compartment or floor; a fire compartment or a floor can be divided into an alarm area, and several adjacent fire compartments or floors that need to be linked with fire-fighting equipment in the event of a fire can also be divided into an alarm area.
- An alarm area of a cable tunnel should be composed of a closed-length interval, and an alarm area should not exceed three connected closed-length intervals; the alarm area of a road tunnel should be determined according to the linkage needs of the smoke exhaust system or fire extinguishing system, and should not more than 150m.
- The alarm area of Class A, B, and C liquid storage tank areas shall be composed of one storage tank area, and each external floating roof storage tank of 50,000m³ or above shall be separately divided into an alarm area.
- The alarm area of the train should be divided according to the carriages, and each carriage should be divided into an alarm area.
The division of the detection area shall comply with the following regulations: - The detection area should be divided according to independent rooms (suites). The area of a detection area should not exceed 500㎡; the room whose interior can be seen clearly from the main entrance and whose area does not exceed 1000㎡ can also be classified as a detection area.
- The length of the detection area of the infrared beam smoke detector and the cable-type linear heat detector should not exceed 100m; the length of the detection area of the air pipe differential temperature fire detector should be 20m ~ 100m.

Fire control room
- The fire protection control room should be set in the protection object of the automatic fire alarm system with a fire linkage function.
- The fire-fighting equipment installed in the fire-fighting control room shall include a fire alarm controller, fire-fighting linkage controller, graphic display device in the fire-fighting control room, special telephone switchboard for fire-fighting, fire-fighting emergency broadcast control device, fire-fighting emergency lighting and evacuation instruction system control device, fire-fighting Devices such as power monitors or combination devices with corresponding functions. The graphic display device in the fire control room set in the fire control room shall be able to display the dynamic information of all fire protection systems and related equipment in the building specified in Appendix A of this code and the fire safety management information specified in Appendix B of this code, and shall be remote The interface reserved for the monitoring system shall have the function of transmitting the relevant information specified in Appendix A and Appendix B of this specification to the remote monitoring system.
- The fire control room shall be equipped with an outside telephone for the fire alarm.
- Fire dampers should be installed at the wall passages of the air supply and return air ducts in the fire control room.
- In the fire control room, it is strictly forbidden to pass through electrical lines and pipelines that have nothing to do with fire protection facilities.
- The fire control room should not be set near the equipment room with strong electromagnetic field interference and other equipment that affects the work of the fire control room equipment.
